Who is a calculation agent?
A calculation agent is a person
or institution in charge of calculating the value of a derivative. A derivative
is a financial asset based on the underlying asset or benchmark. A calculator
estimates the value and the sum owed by each party for a derivative. The
calculator may also set the price and function as the guarantee and issuer for
a structured product. If the counterparty is a broker dealer in a derivative
transaction, they often function as a computing officer.
·
An index
calculation agent is responsible for computing the value of a
derivative, such as a swap or a structured product, and may also serve as the
guarantor and issuer.
·
The ultimate price, the currency rate if two
distinct currencies are exchanged, and any accrued interest are all determined
by the calculation agent, who might be the seller or a third party.
·
The calculating agent makes it easier for the
two parties to pay their cash flows and defines the exchange's settlement date.
What does an index calculation
agent do?
·
Calculating the ultimate price using the
agreed-upon valuation technique under index
maintenance
· Calculating the exchange rate when two different
currencies are exchanged as a result of cash flow payments between the two
parties.
·
Calculating earned or accreted sums, as well as
interest that has accrued
·
calculating the current market price
· Choosing a number of business days for cash flow
settlement, such as two business days after the transaction trade date.
·
Any changes or reorganizations that are required
or requested by the parties involved
·
In order to complete the transaction, you must
behave in good faith and be reasonable, as well as provide proper, timely
notification or confirmation of the financial facts.
How can an index calculation
agent help you?
Because most index calculation
available to retail investors are standardized and traded on liquid and usually
transparent marketplaces, the average investor is unlikely to interface
directly with a calculating agent. In these situations, determining the price
primarily entails examining the publicly known market price.
The calculating agent becomes
more important if the derivatives in question move into thinner markets or the
structure of the transaction gets tailored away from market standards. When the
calculation agent is also the seller, however, the extra emphasis attributed to
the calculation agent's judgement can result in a conflict of interest.
The real valuation of more exotic
derivatives that have been designed for the client may be determined by a
dealer's internal models. Because some pricing information and approaches may
be exclusive to that particular dealer, third-party dispute resolution becomes
more complex. Third-party dealers can be polled in these circumstances to help
construct an average based on the derivative's contractual design. A response
by the stated timeframe from an agreed-upon minimum number of responders is
required to make a determination of this nature.
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